Is Structured Creativity an Oxymoron? The Effects of Moderate Task Structure on Virtual and Face to Face Team Creative Output

Creativity researchers have proposed that collaboration is necessary for creativity (Amabile & Khaire, 2008), and note that freedom of process is necessary to increase idea generation (Amabile, 1983). Although some research has shown freedom produces greater creativity compared to constraints (Choi et al., 2009; Gilson, Mathieu, Shalley & Ruddy, 2005), a handful of studies have shown that having constraints may be beneficial for creativity teams (Abric, 1971; Dennis, Valacich, Connolly, & Wynee, 1996; Dennis & Valacish, 1999). Constraints may be particularly beneficial for virtual teams to increase their communication and coordination efforts, as these processes differ from face-to-face teams. The present study evaluated the relationship between virtual teams and face-to-face teams and creativity, and whether different degrees of task structure moderate creative output. Results from the study indicated all relationships were non-significant. Limitations and implications from the results are discussed

EVOLUTION OF FRESHWATER CRABS IN LAKE MALAWI AND THE LAKE MALAWI BASIN IN THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY

Lake Malawi is the southernmost lake in the East African Rift Valley and is home to a single species of freshwater crab, the Malawi Blue Crab. Little is known about species diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of the freshwater crabs of Lake Malawi, in contrast to the lake’s highly-diverse cichlid fish species flocks. The Malawi Blue Crab is presently assigned to Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) sensu lato, which was originally described from a single female specimen from the D. R. Congo. While the distribution of P. lirrangensis s. l. ranges from the Congo River basin to other Rift Valley lakes, its current taxonomic status remains controversial. Detailed comparative morphological analysis coupled with preliminary DNA sequence data were used to determine the taxonomic status of the Malawi Blue Crab, and to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the Malawi Blue Crab and the freshwater crab fauna of the Lake Malawi basin, particularly the common and widespread species, P. montivagus. The morphological and molecular data presented here indicate that: (1) P. lirrangensis should be restricted to those specimens from the Middle Congo River in the D. R. Congo (referred to here as P. lirrangensis sensu stricto); (2) that the specimens from Lake Kivu formerly assigned to P. lirrangensis s. l. be recognized as a new species (Potamonautes sp. 1); and (3) that the Malawi Blue Crab should be properly referred to as P. orbitospinus (Cunnington, 1907). In addition, it is likely that the specimens from two crater lakes in southwest Tanzania initially identified as P. montivagus belong to a new species (Potamonautes sp. 2)

Climate Change and Human Health

Medical Schoolhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/1/EmilyJohnson_1.docxhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/2/EmilyJohnson_2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/3/EmilyJohnson_3.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/4/EmilyJohnson_4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/5/EmilyJohnson_5.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/6/EmilyJohnson_6.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/7/EmilyJohnson_7.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/8/EmilyJohnson_8.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/9/EmilyJohnson_9.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/10/EmilyJohnson_10.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/11/EmilyJohnson_11.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/170654/12/EmilyJohnson_12.pd

Post-partum Depression in Low-Income Hispanic Women in Bexar County, Texas

Goal Statement: The goal of this prevention program is to prevent post-partum depression (PPD) among Hispanic women in Bexar County, Texas. To aid in achieving this goal, I will offer low-cost psychoeducation counseling groups that run for 16 weeks per session to educate pregnant, low-income mothers about the signs and symptoms of PPD. These groups will also teach coping skills to help combat the symptoms of PPD. I will also offer a free workshop at a local community center that teaches mothers how to recognize the signs of PPD and introduce the group counseling classes. This project will track public health numbers of PPD among Hispanic women to decrease PPD in Bexar County by 5% over the next five years. Significant Findings: PPD is an underdiagnosed and undertreated mood disorder that affects prenatal and postnatal mothers. Documented risk factors and barriers to treatment include stigma, lack of education and support, and logistical obstacles in obtaining treatment (Grimbergen et al., n.d.). Additonally, Martinez-Schallmoser et al. (2003) state that PPD in Hispanic women is harder to identify because of the complexity of cultural relevance and language barriers, leading to the difficulty of narrowing prevalence rates. However, Davila (2007) and Martinez-Shallmoser et al. (2003) found that 15% to 53% of Hispanic women living in Bexar County, Texas, and surrounding counties suffer from PPD. The recommendations within this project will increase awareness on PPD through education provided within local churches and local community centers. Objectives/Strategies/Interventions/Next Steps: The high prevalence rates of PPD within Hispanic women (i.e., 15%-53%; Davila, 2007; Shallmoser et al., 2003) highlight the need for the implementation of prevention measures that are specific to this population. Culturally competent mental health and medical providers are needed to assess Hispanic women for signs and symptoms of PPD during the pre and post-natal period. Mental health counselors can implement specific measures to prevent PPD, such as developing workshops that provide education on the signs and symptoms of PPD and how they might differ within a culturally diverse population. Counselors can also offer low-cost group counseling classes to provide pre and post-natal women education and support to prevent PPD. The Nurse-Family Partnership is a community-based organization that provides home visitations from nurses for first-time mothers, from a lower socioeconomic status (SES), during their pregnancy and child\u27s infancy. The nurses teach positive health-related behaviors, child-care skills, and maternal personal development, including family planning, educational achievement, and economic self-sufficiency. These skills and the education taught can help reduce risk factors associated with PPD (Social Programs That Work, 2018)

The Interrelated Nature of Trauma: Exploring the Narratives of Persons Living with a Family Member who has Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The study of the relationship between work-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the family has commonly been approached from both a psychological and psychiatric perspective. Moreover, these studies have primarily focused on how PTSD impacts familial relationships from the perspective of the individual who has PTSD, while little attention has been placed on the viewpoint of family members. By using data obtained from Beyond Blue and Reddit, the current study aims to redress this gap by directly exploring the perceptions of family members living with an emergency service worker who has PTSD. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using a total of 20 threads with nine obtained from Beyond Blue, and the remaining 11 from Reddit. The narratives of 27 different forum participants – two children and 25 spouses of an individual with PTSD – were included in this analysis. The findings from this study indicated six fundamental themes that were addressed by participants: (1) “walking on eggshells,” (2) a shift in roles and responsibilities, (3) the notion of ambiguous loss, (4) a lack of support, (5) personal impact, and (6) interpersonal impact. All of these themes highlight the difficulties that families endure while living with an individual who has work-related PTSD and further illustrates the need for attention to be placed on developing strategies and interventions tailored explicitly towards meeting the distinct needs of those living with a family member who has PTSD